前(qian)不(bu)久，財政(zheng)部、國(guo)家發展(zhan)和(he)改革委(wei)員會印發調(diao)(diao)(diao)整后的(de)(de)第14期節(jie)能產(chan)品政(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)清單(dan)(以(yi)下簡稱“節(jie)能清單(dan)”)，對于空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)來講(jiang)，第14期節(jie)能清單(dan)的(de)(de)定速(su)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)在節(jie)能清單(dan)中明(ming)顯縮水(shui)，取而代之(zhi)的(de)(de)是變頻空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。在國(guo)家節(jie)能產(chan)品惠(hui)民工程等(deng)政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)推動(dong)下，變頻空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)市場推廣(guang)提速(su)，快(kuai)速(su)發展(zhan)成(cheng)為市場的(de)(de)主流，變頻空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)有望(wang)成(cheng)為空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)政(zheng)府采(cai)購(gou)市場的(de)(de)主力軍。

　　在政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)領域(yu)，超薄、變頻、定(ding)速、數碼、節能等詞匯已成(cheng)為時(shi)(shi)代的新潮(chao)流。變頻空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)在政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)市場(chang)表現活躍，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)變頻多(duo)聯式中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)更(geng)是(shi)(shi)在采(cai)(cai)購(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)頻繁(fan)出現。與此(ci)同時(shi)(shi)，購(gou)買多(duo)聯式變頻中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)儼然成(cheng)為了時(shi)(shi)下(xia)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)市場(chang)的熱點，并將逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)取代分體機，逐(zhu)(zhu)步(bu)成(cheng)為政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)采(cai)(cai)購(gou)空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)市場(chang)的新趨勢。所謂多(duo)聯式空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)是(shi)(shi)把分體空(kong)(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)到一個室外(wai)機中(zhong)(zhong)，如(ru)一拖(tuo)五里面有5臺壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機，但冷(leng)(leng)媒系統各自(zi)獨立。多(duo)聯機大多(duo)應用了變頻技術，可根據室內負荷的變化，調(diao)(diao)節室外(wai)壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機轉速的變化，并以此(ci)調(diao)(diao)整制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑質流量輸出，從而有效降(jiang)低能耗(hao)。

　　那么采(cai)用多聯式變頻中(zhong)央空調(diao)有哪(na)些優勢呢?筆者認為(wei)多聯式變頻中(zhong)央空調(diao)的優勢主要表現(xian)在以下幾個方面：

　　一(yi)是節能(neng)(neng)省電(dian)。目前多聯式變頻中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是采用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流變速壓縮機(ji)，可(ke)根據(ju)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)實際需(xu)要來制冷制熱，每個(ge)房間都能(neng)(neng)單獨控制，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)用(yong)(yong)多少，室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)就提(ti)供多少冷量(liang)，一(yi)定負(fu)荷下可(ke)能(neng)(neng)比(bi)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)體機(ji)更加(jia)(jia)節能(neng)(neng)省電(dian)。二是整體裝(zhuang)(zhuang)潢效果佳。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)只有一(yi)個(ge)外(wai)機(ji)，不會像傳統(tong)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)破(po)壞整體外(wai)觀，而(er)且中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)機(ji)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)“以(yi)藏(zang)為美”，通過簡單的(de)(de)(de)局(ju)部吊頂(ding)即可(ke)實現隱身安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)。三是舒(shu)適性較(jiao)(jiao)高。分(fen)體機(ji)送風角度有限，而(er)且沒(mei)有新風系統(tong)，所以(yi)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)開久了會感覺室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)空(kong)(kong)氣很混(hun)濁(zhuo)。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)機(ji)有多種送風方(fang)式，使(shi)氣流分(fen)布更加(jia)(jia)均勻，同時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)能(neng)(neng)夠引(yin)入(ru)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)新鮮空(kong)(kong)氣即引(yin)入(ru)新風，使(shi)人(ren)感覺更加(jia)(jia)舒(shu)適。四是噪音低(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)(diao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai)機(ji)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)壓縮機(ji)是使(shi)轉子(zi)(zi)與葉片(pian)(pian)結(jie)合成一(yi)體，解決了由(you)于轉子(zi)(zi)與葉片(pian)(pian)磨擦形成的(de)(de)(de)噪音，運轉起(qi)來只有50分(fen)貝(bei)左右。在室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)機(ji)方(fang)面，住宅中(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)是內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏(zang)式風管機(ji)，最低(di)可(ke)以(yi)做到25分(fen)貝(bei)，再(zai)加(jia)(jia)上隱藏(zang)在天花(hua)板之中(zhong)(zhong)，噪音值可(ke)以(yi)降到最低(di)。

　　采(cai)購人(ren)提(ti)出(chu)多聯式變(bian)頻(pin)中(zhong)央空調(diao)采(cai)購需求時(shi)又要(yao)注意哪些(xie)問(wen)題呢(ni)?筆者認為，主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)以下幾(ji)個方面：

　　一是采購人在遞交政府采購需求表前應當做好前期工作(zuo)。采購人首先應當聯(lian)系設(she)計單位對整個空調(diao)系統(tong)進行(xing)設(she)計，初步(bu)確定空調(diao)系統(tong)的方案、平面布置圖(tu)、系統(tong)圖(tu)等。

　　二是設(she)計院一般是按某一個(ge)(ge)品牌(pai)設(she)計的，采(cai)(cai)購人在提出(chu)多聯式(shi)變頻中(zhong)(zhong)央空調(diao)采(cai)(cai)購需求(qiu)時不能直接照抄(chao)設(she)計說(shuo)明書(shu)和設(she)計圖紙的設(she)備清(qing)單中(zhong)(zhong)的數(shu)據(ju)，主要技(ji)術參(can)數(shu)如制(zhi)(zhi)冷量(liang)(liang)和制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)技(ji)術參(can)數(shu)填寫時候(hou)應(ying)當是一個(ge)(ge)數(shu)值范圍(wei)，只提供制(zhi)(zhi)冷量(liang)(liang)和制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)的基準值，不是一個(ge)(ge)具體數(shu)據(ju)，可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用“大(da)于等(deng)于”或“正負偏差在某某幅度內”這一類(lei)的措詞。

　　三(san)是準確統計主要(yao)(yao)(yao)空(kong)調設(she)備的數量，如(ru)室外機(ji)、室內機(ji)、新風(feng)機(ji)等主要(yao)(yao)(yao)空(kong)調設(she)備，填寫采(cai)購明細(xi)表，其(qi)他安裝輔材和輔機(ji)可以(yi)不統計，只提供參(can)考得(de)設(she)計圖紙(zhi)即(ji)可。在采(cai)購技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)中，采(cai)購人(ren)可以(yi)提出(chu)空(kong)調機(ji)的制冷(leng)量和制熱量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、冷(leng)媒要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、出(chu)風(feng)形式要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)等。其(qi)他指標如(ru)噪聲、機(ji)器的尺(chi)寸(cun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、室內機(ji)的厚(hou)度要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、COP能效比、耗電(dian)量、電(dian)源(380V/220V)、電(dian)功率等采(cai)購人(ren)如(ru)有(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也可以(yi)提出(chu)，但不能有(you)歧視(shi)性。

　　四是(shi)注(zhu)重(zhong)安(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。與分體空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)相比，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)可謂完(wan)美，但作為一項系(xi)(xi)統工(gong)程，中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)一直有(you)(you)“三分生產，七分安(an)裝(zhuang)”的(de)說(shuo)法，所以(yi)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)好壞(huai)是(shi)購買中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)關鍵，如(ru)果不注(zhu)意安(an)裝(zhuang)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)可能后患(huan)無窮。中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)如(ru)果安(an)裝(zhuang)出(chu)現問(wen)題，常(chang)見的(de)毛病是(shi)風口會有(you)(you)滴水(shui)，這主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)因(yin)為室內機排水(shui)不順(shun)暢或者出(chu)風口冷凝水(shui)造成的(de)。在空(kong)調(diao)(diao)(diao)安(an)裝(zhuang)完(wan)畢(bi)后應當(dang)對系(xi)(xi)統進(jin)行調(diao)(diao)(diao)試，只(zhi)有(you)(you)調(diao)(diao)(diao)試正(zheng)常(chang)，排水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統順(shun)暢、焊接(jie)沒問(wen)題，才可以(yi)避免(mian)出(chu)現漏水(shui)現象(xiang)，因(yin)此采購人應當(dang)提出(chu)投標供(gong)應商的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)資(zi)格(ge)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)